What process involves selecting 12 citizens to serve on a jury?

The correct answer is the process of jury selection. This is a critical stage in the judicial system where citizens are chosen to serve on a jury, typically consisting of 12 individuals, to hear a case and render a verdict. During jury selection, potential jurors are summoned from the community, and various methods such as voir dire are employed to assess their suitability based on factors like impartiality, relevance, and ability to understand the case at hand.

Choosing jurors is an essential part of ensuring a fair trial, as it involves screening individuals to identify any biases or conflicts of interest that may affect their judgment. The selected jurors will ultimately be responsible for weighing evidence, deliberating, and reaching a verdict based on the facts presented during the trial.

The terms presented in the other options do not accurately or specifically capture the legal process as defined in jury selection. Jury formation and jury assembly may imply broader concepts but do not adequately describe the legal process itself, while jury consultation typically refers to discussions held around the jury or trial strategy rather than the actual selection of jurors. Therefore, jury selection is the most precise term for this important judicial practice.